The following 50 Prisoner of War officers were murdered by the Gestapo following their recapture after having escaped through tunnel "Harry". In all 76 men broke out and Hitler ordered them all to be found and shot, but he was persuaded by Hermann Goering to reduce this number of deaths to 50; otherwise their guilt in the murder of Prisoners of War would be impossible to conceal. The deaths, without any heed to elaborative details, were each simply explained away as shot "while attemping to re-escape".

The Fifty

Flying Officer Henry J. Birkland
Born: 16th August 1917
Nationality: Canadian
Unit: 72 (Spitfire) Squadron, RCAF
Service No.: J/5233
POW No.: 689
Digger.
Hauler at Leicester Square on night of escape.
Recaptured: near Sagan, transferred to Görlitz
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Flight Lieutenant E. Gordon Brettell DFC
Born: 19th March 1915
Nationality: British
Unit: 133(E) (Spitfire) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 61053
POW No.: 760
Expert Forger.
Recaptured: Schneidemühl
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Danzig.
Flight Lieutenant Lester J. (Johnny) Bull DFC
Born: 7th November 1916
Nationality: British
Unit: 109 (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 43932
POW No.: 667
Chief of Digger Teams,
Opened tunnel exit on 24 March - night of escape.
No. 1 out of tunnel.
Recaptured: near Reichenberg
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Brüx.
Squadron Leader Roger J. Bushell
Born: 30th November 1910, South Africa
Nationality: British
Unit: 92 (Hurricane) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 90120
POW No.: 621
Recognised Head of Camp.
C.O. of Operations, Big X Escape and Intelligence.
No. 4 out of the tunnel.
Recaptured: Saarbrücken
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Saarbrücken
Flight Lieutenant Michael J. Casey
Born: 19th February 1918
Nationality: British
Unit: 57 (Blenheim) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 39024
POW No.: 24
Strong-Box Treasurer.
Concealment Officer in charge of all forged documents, filing and money.
Recaptured: near Görlitz
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Görlitz.
Squadron Leader James Catanach DFC
Born: 28th November 1921
Nationality: Australian
Unit: 455 (Hampden) Squadron, (RAAF)
Service No: 400364
POW No.: 702
Penguin,
Recaptured: Flensburg
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Kiel.
F/Lt Arnold G. Christiensen
Born: 8th April 1922
Nationality: New Zealander
Unit: 26 (Mustang) Squadron, R.N.Z.A.F
Service No: 413380
POW No.: 676
Intelligence,
Recaptured: Flensburg
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Kiel.
Flying Officer Dennis H. Cochran
Born: 13th August 1921
Nationality: British
Unit: 10 (Whitley) OTU, RAF
Service No: 122441
POW No.: 727
Penguin.
Recaptured: Lörrach
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Natzweiler Concentration Camp.
Squadron Leader Ian E. K. P. Cross DFC
Born: 4th April 1918
Nationality: British
Unit: 103 (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 39305
POW No.: 2
Experienced Escaper,
Leader of Penguin Team, Digger.
Recaptured: Görlitz
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Görlitz.
Lieutenant Hallada Espelid
Born: 6th October 1920
Nationality: Norwegian
Unit: 33(N) (Spitfire) Squadron, R.Norwegian AF
Service No: 378
POW No.: 634
Intelligence,
Recaptured: Flensburg
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Kiel.
Flight Lieutenant Brian H. Evans
Born: 14th February 1920
Nationality: British
Unit: 49 (Hampden) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 42745
POW No.: 456
Penguin.
Recaptured: Halbau
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Lieutenant Nils Fuglesang
Nationality: Norwegian
Unit: 339(N) (Spitfire) Squadron, R.NorwegianA.F.
Service No: 742
POW No.: 1264
Intelligence Section,
Recaptured: Flensburg
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Kiel.
Lieutenant Johannes S. Gouws
Born: 13th August 1919
Nationality: South African
Unit: 40 (Tomohawk) Squadron, (SAAF)
Service No: 103275
POW No.: 118
Digger,
Recaptured: Lindau
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Munich.
Flight Lieutenant William J. Grisman
Born: 30th August 1914
Nationality: British
Unit: 109 (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 45148
POW No.: 673
Security.
Recaptured: Görlitz
Killed: 6th April 1944 at Breslau.
Flight Lieutenant Alastair D. M. Gunn
Born: 27th September 1919
Nationality: British
Unit: 1 (Spitfire) PRU, RAF
Service No: 60340
POW No.: 5
Digger,
Security.
Recaptured: near Görlitz
Killed: 6th April 1944 at Breslau.
Flight Lieutenant Albert H. Hake
Born: 30th June 1916
Nationality: Australian
Unit: 72 (Spitfire) Squadron, RAAF
Service No: 403281
POW No.: 6
Compass Maker, Forger.
Recaptured: near Görlitz
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Gölitz.
Flight Lieutenant Charles P. (Chaz) Hall
Born: 25th July 1918
Nationality: British
Unit: 1 (Spitfire) PRU, RAF
Service No: 50896
POW No.: 1423
Expert Photographer,
Weatherman.
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 30th March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Flight Lieutenant Anthony R. H. (Tony) Hayter
Born: 20th May 1920
Nationality: British
Unit: 148 (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 42124
POW No.: 199
Penguin,
Security.
Recaptured: near Mulhouse
Killed: 6th April 1944 at Natzweiler Concentration Camp.
Flight Lieutenant Edgar S. Humphreys
Born: 5th December 1914
Nationality: British
Unit: 107 (Boston III) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 44177
POW No.: 406
Penguin.
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Flying Officer Gordon A. Kidder
Born: 9th December 1914
Nationality: Canadian
Unit: 156 (Wellington) Squadron, R.C.A.F.
Service No: J/10177
POW No.: 42822
Penguin,
Recaptured: near Zlfn
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Mährisch Ostraut
Flight Lieutenant Reginald V. Kierath
Born: 20th February 1915
Nationality: Australian
Unit: 450 (Kittyhawk) Squadron, (RAAF)
Service No: 402364
POW No.: 1268
Digger,
Recaptured: near Reichenberg
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Brüx.
Flight Lieutenant Antoni Kiewnarski
Born: 26th January 1899
Nationality: Polish
Unit: 305P (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: P.0109
POW No.: 42801
Recaptured: Hirschberg
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Hirschberg.
Squadron Leader Thomas G. Kirby-Green
Born: 28th February 1918
Nationality: British
Unit: 40 (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 39103
POW No.: 652
Chief in Command of Security,
Digger Team Captain,
Recaptured: near Zlfn
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Märisch Ostraut
Flying Officer Adam Wlodzimierz Kolanowski
Born: 11th August 1913
Nationality: Polish
Unit: 301P (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: P.0243
POW No.: 678
Cartographer.
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Flying Officer Stanislaw Z. (Danny) Krol
Born: 22nd March 1916
Nationality: Polish
Unit: 74(P) (Spitfire) Squadron, RAF
Service No: P.0237
POW No.: 1392
Experienced escaper,
Digger Team Captain,
Security.
Recaptured: Oels
Killed: 13th April 1944 at Breslau.
Flight Lieutenant Patrick W. (Pat) Langford
Born: 4th November 1919
Nationality: Canadian
Unit: 16 OTU, RCAF
Service No: C/1631
POW No.: 710
Responsible for entrance shaft security under hot oven.
Digger, Trap doors expert.
Recaptured: near Görlitz
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Flight Lieutenant Thomas B. Leigh
Born: 21st February 1915
Nationality: British
Unit: 76 (Halifax) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 46462
POW No.: 63
Penguin.
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Görlitz.
Flight Lieutenant James L. R. "Cookie" Long
Born: 21st February 1915
Nationality: British
Unit: 9 (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 89375
POW No.: 522
Digger,
Hauler on night of escape,
Security.
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 13th April 1944 at Breslau.
Lieutenant Clement A. N. McGarr
Born: 24th November 1917
Nationality: South African
Unit: 2 (Tomohawk) Squadron, (SAAF)
Service No: 95691
POW No.: 655
Digger Team Captain,
Security
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 6th April 1944 at Breslau.
Flight Lieutenant George E. McGill
Born: 14th April 1918
Nationality: Canadian
Unit: 103 (Wellington) Squadron, RCAF
Service No: J.5312
POW No.: 1431
Digger Team Captain,
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Flight Lieutenant Romas Marcinkus
Born: 22nd July 1910
Nationality: Lithuanian
Unit: 1 (Hurricane) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 89580
POW No.: 19
Head of Forgery Department.
Chief Intelligence Officer.
Recaptured: Schneidemühl
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Danzig.
Flight Lieutenant Harold J. Milford
Born: 16th August 1914
Nationality: British
Unit: 226 (Boston) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 103586
POW No.: 715
Penguin.
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 6th April 1944 at Breslau.
Flying Officer Jerzy T. Mondschein
Born: 18th March 1909
Nationality: Polish
Unit: 304(P) (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: P.0913
POW No.: 680
Intelligence,
Concrete expert. Built all trap-doors for tunnels.
Recaptured: near Reichenberg
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Brüx.
Flying Officer Kazimierz Pawluk
Born: 1st August 1906
Nationality: Polish
Unit: 305P (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: P.0740
POW No.: 23
Recaptured: Hirschberg
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Hirschberg.
Flight Lieutenant Henri A. Picard
Born: 17th April 1916
Nationality: Belgian
Unit: 350(B) (Spitfire) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 87693
POW No.: 685
Meticulous Artist, Forger.
In charge of Passes, Passports and Permits.
Recaptured: Schneidemühl
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Danzig.
Flying Officer John Porokoru Patapu Maoripohé
Born: 10th December 1914
Nationality: New Zealander
Unit: 51 (Halifax) Squadron, RNZAF
Service No: 402894
POW No.: 2433
Digger.
Recaptured: near Görlitz
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Görlitz.
Lieutenant Bernard W. M. Scheidhauer
Born: 28th August 1921
Nationality: French
Unit: 131 (Spitfire) Squadron, Free French AF
Service No: 30649
POW No.: 832
Intelligence,
No. 5 out of the tunnel.
Recaptured: Saarbrücken
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Saarbrücken
Pilot Officer Sotiris Skanzikas
Born: 6th August 1921
Nationality: Greek
Unit: 336 (Hurricane) Squadron, RHAF
Service No: 213
POW No.: 1822
Penguin.
Recaptured: Hirschberg
Killed: 30th March 1944 at Hirschberg.
Lieutenant Rupert J. Stevens
Born: 21st February 1919
Nationality: South African
Unit: 12 (Maryland) Squadron (SAAF)
Service No: 47431
POW No.: 712
Penguin and Security,
Recaptured: Rosenheim
Killed: 29th March 1944< at Munich.
Flying Officer Robert C. (Bob) Stewart
Born: 7th July 1911
Nationality: British
Unit: 77 (Halifax) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 130452
POW No.: 1279
Penguin and Digger.
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Flying Officer John G. (Johnny) Stower
Born: 15th September 1916
Nationality: British
Unit: 142 (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 107520
POW No.: 836
Experienced Escaper, Digger.
No. 22 out of the tunnel.
Recaptured: Reichenberg
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Reichenberg.
Flying Officer Denys O. Street
Born: 1st April 1922
Nationality: British
Unit: 207 (Lancaster) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 123026
POW No.: 992
Security.
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 6th April 1944 at Breslau.
Flight Lieutenant Cyril D. Swain
Born: 15th December 1911
Nationality: British
Unit: 105 (Blenheim) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 37658
POW No.: 388
Penguin.
Recaptured: near Görlitz
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Flying Officer Pawel Tobolski
Born: 21st March 1906
Nationality: Polish
Unit: 301(P) (Wellington) Squadron, RAF
Service No: P.0375
POW No.: 300
Intelligence, Security.
Recaptured: Stettin
Killed: 2nd April 1944 at Breslau.
Flight Lieutenant Ernest (Ernie) Valenta
Born: 25th December 1912
Nationality: Czechoslovakian
Unit: 311 (Wellington)(Czech) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 82532
POW No.: 415
Intelligence.
No.3 out of tunnel. Recaptured: near Görlitz
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Liegnitz.
Flight Lieutenant Gilbert W. Walenn
Born: 24th February 1916
Nationality: British
Unit: 25 (Wellington) OTU, RAF
Service No: 73022
POW No.: 3776
Deputy Head of Forgery Department,
Head of Clothing and Equipment.
Recaptured: Schneidemühl
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Danzig.
Flight Lieutenant James C. Wernham
Born: 15th January 1917
Nationality: Canadian
Unit: 405 (Halifax) Squadron, (RCAF)
Service No: J/6144
POW No.: 564
Penguin.
Recaptured: Hirschberg
Killed: 30th March 1944 at Hirschberg.
Flight Lieutenant George W. Wiley
Born: 24th January 1922
Nationality: Canadian
Unit: 112 (Kittyhawk) Squadron, RCAF
Service No: J/7234
POW No.: 930
Digger.
Recaptured: near Görlitz
Killed: 31st March 1944 at Görlitz.
Squadron Leader John E. A. (Willy) Williams DFC
Born: 6th May 1919
Nationality: Australian
Unit: 450 (Kittyhawk) Squadron, (RAAF)
Service No: 40652
POW No.: 838
Manufacturer: Trolleys, Rails, Tunnel frames.
Recaptured: Reichenberg
Killed: 29th March 1944 at Brüx.
Flight Lieutenant John F. Williams
Born: 7th July 1917
Nationality: British
Unit: 107 (Boston III) Squadron, RAF
Service No: 106173
POW No.: 216
Penguin.
Recaptured: near Sagan
Killed: 6th April 1944 at Breslau.

THE OTHERS

Operation Escape 200

Post-war named ‘The Great Escape’

THREE successfully reached destination England:

F/Lt. Jens Muller, M.C., R.A.F. Norwegian,Seconded from R.N.A.F. Air-pump designer and Intelligence was No.. 43 out of the tunnel. Successfully reached England during 1944.
F/Lt. Peter Bergsland, M.C., R.A.F. Norwegian, Seconded from R.N.A.F. (Spitfire) Squadron. Clothing Expert was No. 44 out of the tunnel. Successfully reached England during 1944. Born 17th January 1919. Died 22nd June 1992 in Oslo, Norway.
F/Lt. Bram (Bob) Van der Stok, M.B.E., R.A.F. Dutch, 914 (Spitfire) Squadron. Meticulous Artist and Forger (Passports, Passes, Visas) was No. 18 out of the tunnel. Successfully reached England during 1944. Born 13th October 1915. Died 1992 in Virginia, U.S.A.

FOUR:

F/Lt. Sydney Dowse; Major Johnny Dodge, D.S.O., D.S.C.; W/Cmdr. Pricky Day, A.M. and F/Lt. Bernard A. James were imprisoned in Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, Oranienberg, Germany.

ONE:

F/LT. Raymond L. N. Van Wymeersch, Free French Air Force, was imprisoned in Berlin and in 1945 transferred to Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp.

TWO:

F/Lt. IVO P. Tonder, R.A.F. Czech, and F/Lt. Freddie Dvorak, R.A.F. Czech, were imprisoned in Colditz, Silesia, Germany.

ONE:

F/Lt.Desmond Plunkett was imprisoned in Stalag Luft 1, Barth.
(F/Lt. Plunkett was on the same O.T.U. course as myself on Wellingtons at Wellsbourne).

FIFTEEN:

The fifteen remaining officers of the seventy-six Escapees were eventually returned to base, Stalag Luft 3, Sagan, Silesia, Germany.

The one hundred and twenty-four Officers on Stand-by to leave the Camp dispersed themselves within the Camp immediately upon the discovery of the tunnel ‘break-out’ by the Germans.

MISSION ACCOMPLISHED